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“Oklahoma used to experience one or two earthquakes per year of magnitude 3 or greater, and now they’re experiencing one or two a day,” Mark Petersen, the chief author of the report, said. “Oklahoma now has more earthquakes of that magnitude than California.”
The report came two days after Oklahoma’s state government acknowledged for the first time the scientific consensus that wastewater disposal linked to oil and gas drilling was to blame for the huge surge in earthquakes there. The state introduced an interactive map showing quake locations and places where wastewater is injected into the ground, and the state-run Oklahoma Geological Survey said it “considers it very likely” that the practice is causing most of the shaking.
Hydraulic fracturing, a drilling technique that injects a high-pressure mix of water and chemicals into the ground to break rock formations and release gas, has drawn widespread attention. But injecting water to dispose of waste from drilling or production is a far greater contributor to earthquakes. The federal report excluded human activity, like mining, that can cause quakes but does not involve large-scale fluid injection.
In one of the 17 areas identified in the report, around Colorado’s Rocky Mountain Arsenal, injections of chemical waste set off earthquakes starting in the 1960s. But the vast majority of the quakes since then have involved oil and gas production.
Many scientific reports, published over decades, have said that pumping fluids into the ground at high pressure can set off earthquakes. But until fairly recently, energy companies and regulators in some energy-producing states insisted that the link was still in doubt.
Most affected states have now acknowledged it, but Oklahoma had not until the recent statements by officials there. Still, state regulators around the country have not gone as far in controlling industry practices as environmental groups have asked, and there is little sign that the new federal findings will goad them to go farther.
Matt Skinner, a spokesman for the Oklahoma Corporation Commission, the state’s top regulatory body for oil and gas exploration, said Oklahoma already required a “seismicity review” for proposed wells. “Any tool we can use in response to triggered seismicity,” he said of the new report, “would be important to us.”
西くんボーナスでた？
物体には永遠がないですが、
魂や思い、信念は継承していける
魂や思い、信念は継承していける
悔しい思いをした時の初心を忘れずに
頑張り続ければ一時の結果はどうであれ
頑張り続ければ一時の結果はどうであれ
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